cazin



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

1-". M. P. GAZIN. APPARATUS FOR DRYING STARGH REFUSE, BREWERS GRAINS,&o. No. 408,824. Patented Aug. 13, 1889.

N PETERS. PhMo-Llllmgmphar, Washingmn. n. 1

(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 P. M. F. GAZIN.

APPARATUS FOR DRYING STARGH REFUSE, BREWERS GRAINS, &o. No. 408,824.Patented Aug. 13. 18 89.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3. P. M. F. OAZIN. APPARATUS FOR DRYINGSTARGH REFUSE, BREWERS GRAINS, &0., No. 408,824.

Patented Aug. 18, 1889.

NY PETERS, Pnmo-Lnm m her. Washington. D C.

(No Model.) V v 4 Sh'e etsSheet 4.

F. M. P. GAZIN. APPARATUS FOR DRYING STARGH REFUSE, BREWERS GRAINS, 85c.N0..408,824. Patented Aug. 13, 1889.

1&5

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS M. F. OAZIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR DRYING STARCH-REFUSE, BREWERS GRAINS, dc.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 408,824, dated. August13, 1889.

Application filed June 22, 1886. Serial No. 205,861. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern.-

'Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. OAZIN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for Drying StarchRefuse, Brewers Grains, and other Solid Matters, of which the followingis a specification.

My invention may be embodied in apparatus for the economical andthorough drying of solid matters, such as the coarse refuse resultingfrom the manufacture of starch or glucose and from the distillation ofspirits and brewing of ale or beer.

My improved apparatus is intended for carrying out a method of drying,in which the matter to be dried, while being conveyed through tubes orchambers, is subjected to heat transmitted through metal contact-walls,

the air being excluded, and the vapors emanating from the dryingmatterbeing exhausted from the tubes or chambers during the dryingoperation, so that drying is performed under apressure less than that ofthe atmosphere or, as it is termed, in a vacuum. In drying by such amethod economy of operation may be secured by employing the hot vaporsemanating from the contents of one tube or chamber for heating, throughmetal contact-walls, the contents of another tube or chamber.

In my pending application, Serial No. 205,759, filed June 21, 1886, Ihave shown an apparatus for carrying out the above-referredto methodupon solid matters, which will be caused to disintegrate or separateinto particles by the drying operation. This apparatus in itself, andindependent of the method upon which it operates, forms the subject ofmy present invention.

The apparatus in its complete form, and as illustrated in the drawings,comprisesa series of closed drying-tubes, which are arranged one aboveanother, and which ,are provided at the ends with hoods, throughwhichthey communicate alternately at opposite ends, an d in which hoodsare valves for controlling and permitting the passage of the soliddrying matter from one tube to another of the series, without permittingthe passage of vapors emanating from the drying matter from one toanother of said tubes. Each drying-tube has arranged within it a seriesof conveyor blades or arms, which are secured spirally upon a concentricshaft, and which serve to gradually move the material from end to end ofthe tubes.

The valves which I prefer to employ in the hoods connecting the tubesare of rotary form, and are so constructed as to form hopper-likecavities, which, when presented upward, re-

ceive material from an upper tube, and when presented downward by thecontinuous rotary motion of the valves deposit such portion of materialinto the next lower tube.

The several drying-tubes are surrounded by heating jackets or spaces,which are supplied with the heatproducing or heat-giving fluid employed,and through the metal walls of the drying-tubes transmit heat to thesolid matter within the tubes. I also prefer to construct the hoodswhich connect the drying-tubes with inner circular walls, formingjackets within the hoods concentric with the tubes and communicatingthrough openings in such inner walls with the interior of thedrying-tubes.

Steam may be introduced to the heatingjacket of the lower or one tube ofthe series, and the remaining tubes may have their heatin g-j acketssupplied by a steam-j et exhauster, which serves by the inductive actionof a jet of live or exhaust steam to withdraw from the interior ofalower tube the vapors emanating from its contents and to discharge suchvapors, together with the steam employed in the exhauster, into thejacket of the next tube above, thereby utilizing the heat present in thevapors emanating from one body of drying material for the purpose ofheating another body of drying material.

The employment of the steam-exhausters, as described, will serve tomaintain the pressure Within the several drying-tubes considerably belowthe atmospheric pressure, or to produce a vacuum in such drying-tubes.

To further aid in exhausting vapors from the drying-tubes, and to beemployed in connection with the steam-jet exhausters as the experienceof the operator may determine, I employ a condenser, which may deliverits water through a Torricellian column or barometric leg and anair-pump connected with the condenser; and the interior of the severaldrying-tubes, either through the hoods at the ends thereof or in anyother suitable way, are in free and constant communication by pipesleading from them to a vapor-collector consistin g of a stand-pipe orhollow column which communicates with the condenser.

To equalize the pressure, and, also, in a measure, the temperaturewithin the jackets of the several drying-tubes, I connect all thejackets by a series of pipes and valves with a surplus-steam column orstand-pipe.

The water of condensation may be with drawn through suitable pipes fromthe jackets of each drying-tube and collected in ahotwater stand-pipe orcolumn; and in order to utilize the heat retained in this hot water Imay supply such hot water by a pump to the jacket of the upperdrying-tube, which is the first tube into which the solid matter enters,and after performing its work in such jacket the water may be deliveredto the condenser.

According to the method which forms the subject of my aforesaidapplication, I may use steam and vapor, or steam alone, or hotwater, inpart or in total, in the jackets of the drying-tubes for d ryin g solidmatters; or I may partly fill said jackets with a concentrated solutionof caustic soda or analogous salt, which, by the condensation of steam.and vapor within the jackets, will be diluted and free heat therebyproduced, exerting its effect, through the metal. contact-walls, on thesolid matters within the drying-tubes.

My present invention in apparatus for carrying out my said method alsocomprises a boiler for the salt solution and pumps and pipes whereby theconcentrated solution may be delivered to the jaeketof an upperdryingtube, and other pipes connecting the jackets of the several tubesin such manner that the solution will overflow from each to the jacket;of the next tube below, and will finally be returned in a diluted stateto the boiler. The steam which is generated by the concentration of thesalt solution within the boiler may be employed for operating theseveral steamjet exhausters, whereby the vapors emanating from thedrying contents of each drying-tube are delivered into theheating-jacket of another drying-tube.

The invention consists in novel combina tions of parts and details ofconstruction, which are hereinafter described, and pointed out in. theclaims.

In the accompanying drawings, which represent a battery of livedrying-tubes arranged one above another, Figure 1 is a partly sectionalelevation of the apparatus in a plane lengthwise of the drying-tubes.Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a longitudinalsection, upon a larger scale, of portions of the three upperdrying-tubes, with their appurtenances, the middle portion of the tubesbein broken away to reduce the length of the figure. Fig. 4. is atransverse section upon the plane of thedotted line :1: .r, Fig. 3 thatis, through one of the hoods which connect the tubes. l ig. 5 is atransverse section through the drying-tubes and jackets, between theirends. Fig. (3 is a diagram illustrating an end elevation of theapparatus adapted for the employment of caustic soda or other saltsolution in the jackets, the tubes and jackets in this figure. beingrepresented by concentric circles only. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustratingthe positions of the conveycr-blades as they follow each other in therotary motion of the shaft. Figs. 8 to '13, inclusive, are diagramsillustrating, by straight lines, the interior surface of a drying-tube,and illustrating the positions to which ma terial is moved and in whichit is leftby each of the several blades; and Figs. 14 to 17, inelusive,are views illustrating by dotted lines the interior circle of adrying-tube and the several blades which constitute one circular series.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thefigures.

A A A A A designate the several dryingtubes, which are respectivelysurrounded by metal jackets ll. This battery may be supported at thebottom on a framework or col,- umns A, and the exterior of the jacketsmay be clothed with non-conducting material to prevent loss of heat byradiation. The drying-tubes are connected alternately at opposite endsby hoods C, which provide for the passage of drying material or solidmatter from one to another of them, and which are furthermore providedwith rotary valves 1). which prevent;- the vapors emanating from thecontents of one drying-tube from passing into the interior of anotherdrying-tube. The several drying-tubes and also their jackets I may beflanged at the ends, as best shown in Fig. 3, and said tubes andjackets, as well as the hoods C, may be connected with and by metalexpansion-plates I), of copper or other metal, and which will permit theunequal expansion of the drying-tubes and their surrounding jaeketswithout straining the joints of the apparatus.

The drying-tubes and their jackets being both connected with theexpansioir-plates l), any unequal expansion will simply deflect; or bendthe expansion-plates, which are usually of copper, in a well-knownmanner, and prevent leakages by undue straining caused by the unequalexpansion. The flanges o of the several hoods and jackets and theexpansionplates 1) may be of rectangular form, as shown best in Fig. 5,so as to mutually support each other.

The solid matter to be dried, whether it be the refuse of starch orglucose manuti'acture, or the result of distilling or ln-ewing spiritsor ale or beer, or of any other such character as to disintegrate, isdelivered by a feedinghopper or mouth (I, undercontrol of the valve I),to the upper drying-tube A of the series at the end thereof, and by aseries of conveyer-blades arranged spirally upon the central shaft 0,the solid matter is conveyed from the entrance end of the tube 'A to theopposite end thereof, and is distributed over the lower portion of theinterior surface of the tube in the form of a thin layer, in whichcondition it remains'while being traversed or moved through the tube.

As the material reaches the opposite end of the tube A from where itentered, which is the left-hand of Fig. 1, it falls through the hood Ginto the tube A, next below, and by the conveying-blades c therein ismoved, toward the right of Fig. 1, and in such manner the solid matterundergoing the drying operation passes through all the drying-tubes ofthe series in succession and finally escapes under control of the rotaryvalve D from the lower tube A of the series and through an outlet-mouthor delivery-opening d.

l find it advantageous to employ conveyor blades or arms 0 arrangedspirally on the rotary shaft, as distinguished from a-screw or eonveyerhaving a continuous spiral blade, because such separate blades or armsperform successfully the work of moving the drying matter through thetube and do not close the transverse area of the tube, as would acontinuous spiral blade.

I will now describe the particular construction and arrangement of theseconveyerblades with reference to Figs. 7 to 17, inclusive, and althoughin the main views of my apparatus I have designated the blades by theletters 0 I prefer in these diagrams to refer to them by numerals inorder to more clearly describe their operation. number the blades inFig. 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, beginning at the top. The blades 2 and i,which are only half the thickness of others of the blades, maybe formedinthe same plane, as shown in Fig. 15, and the blades 5 and (5, whichare of like thickness, may also be formed in the same plane and piece,as shown in Fig. 17. The blades 2 and 5 need not eX- tend clear to theinterior surface of the cylinder, but fall slightly short thereof, andthese blades therefore distribute portions of the layer of material asit is moved forward in bulk by the action of the blades 1 3 4. 6. Theblade 1, which projects to the inner surface of the tube, first movesall the material in its path forward to a slight distancesay one inch.The blade 2, which is a distributing-blade, then follows and movesforward about one-half an inch the solid matter which lies upon thetube-surface in excess of the layer desired. The blade 3 then followsand cuts the matter moved by 1 in half, and moves one half still fartherforward for half the former distance. The blade at then follows andmoves forward the other half for also half the form er distance, orequal to its thickness say about one-half inch. The blade 5 then followsand, being short, spreads the matter, and the blade 6, which is ofhalf-thickness, next follows and moves the layer which is re- 1thereforemaining of proper thickness on the tube-surface forward. Thusthe matter is alternately divided at the center of a furrow and movedalternately in thick and narrow furrows and again spread and movedforward, so as to afford the largest possible surface, and to do so inthe most complete manner.

Vhile I do not desire to limit my invention to such an arrangement ofconveyer-blades as is shown, I find it very desirable to employ thisconstruction and arrangement.

The several conveyer shafts c extend through stuffing-boxes c in theheads and. may be driven by any suitable mechanism.

I have here shown an endless chain 0 which receives motion from a wheela", placed upon one of the conveyershafts c, to whichmotion is impartedby a .belt (not shown) driving upon fast and loose pulleys c 0 Theremaining conveyer-shafts c are provided with wheels 0 onto which thechain 0 drives.

The shafts d of the rotary valves 1), which are supported in bearings(1* at the inner side of the hood C and in stuflingboxes (I at the outerside of the hoods, may each be driven from an adjacent conveyer-shaft cby chainwheels 6 (Z and a chain (7, or in any other suitable way.

The construction of the valves D will be best understood from Figs. 3and 4;. Each hood 0 is formed between the two tubes which it connectswith segmental or curved walls (Z and the valve has radial blades orwings d, which fit snugly against these walls as the valve rotates, andforms between them hopper-like cavities (1 These valves are soconstructed that the cavity (Z will never be in communication with theupper and lower tubes, which the hood connects at the same time, butwill, by the rotary motion of the valve, be cut off from communicationwith one tube before coming into communication with the other tube.\Vhen any cavity (1' is presented upward, material is delivered into itfrom the tube above, and when such cavity is brought opposite the tubebelow or presented downward such material will fall into the bottom ofthe hood and will by the conveyer be carried forward through the tube.Each hood 0 is formed with an inner circular wall 6, as shown in Figs. 3and at, thereby forming an outer jacket or space within the hood and theinterior of the tube, which is concentric with the inner wall 6 of thehood and is in communication with the outer space or jacket of the hoodthrough openings 6, formed in the wall a.

All the vapors which emanate from the drying contents of each tube areexhausted through the hood and through the openings 6, as I shall soondescribe; and it is advantageous to have the hood constructed with thewalls 6, because the steam or vapor condensing upon these walls andwithin the jacket-space of the hood serves to impart additional heat tothe drying material. It is to be noted, however, that the heat-jackets Bof the several tubes are isolated from the tubes and from each other andare not in commu nication save through pipes j, which serve to equalizethe pressure within them, as I shall soon describe.

E F G ll designate, respectively, a hot-water collector or standpipe, acondenser, a vapor-collector or stand-pipe, and a surplussteam column orstand-pipe. From each of the heatjackets l drainpipes f, which areprovided with valves f, lead to the hot-water collector E, and deliverthereinto all water of condensation from the jackets and hoods.

The condenser F may be supplied with 0011- densing water through a pipef from any suitable source, and a distributor f, arranged within it, andthe condenser is freed from water by a Torricellian column or barometricleg I, which is sealed at the bottom within a trough or box F, providedwith an overflow weir F designates an air-pump, which is c011- nectedwith the condenser by a pipe f", and serves to withdraw from thecondenser air which may be freed from the solid matters during thedrying operation.

The vapor-collector or standpipe G is shown as connected with thecondenser by a pipef for the passage of vapor from it into thecondenser, and at the bottom it is connected by a pipe f with thehot-water column or stand pipe E.

The hoods are provided at the sides and bottom with openings (shown inFig. 4,) and from one or more of these openings in each hood a pipe fextends to the vapor-collector G, and is provided with a valve f" forcontrolling the exhaustion of vapor through said pipe from. the interiorof the drying tube. It will therefore be seen that through the openingse in the inner walls of the hoods and the openings c and pipes f, theinterior of each drying-tube A, dsc, is in open communication with thevapor-collector G. Similar pipes 1'', having valves f", lead from thedrainage-openings of the jackets in thehoods C to the collector G. Theseveral jackets B of the drying-tubes A, &c., are connected by pipes jand valves j with the surplus'steam collector or stand-pipe ll, andthereby the pressure within the several jackets is equalized. Thissurplus-steam collector II may be connected by a pipe j with thebarometric leg F and its upper end maybe connected by a small pipej withthe condenser F.

I designates steam-jet exhausters which are each employed to exhaust thevapor from one drying-tube and discharge it, together with the steamrequired to work the exhauster, into the jacket of another drying-tube,thereby utilizing the heat which may be in the vapors emanating from thedrying matter, for the purpose of heating through the metalcontact-walls of another drying-tube the matter contained therein. Asbest shown in Fig. 5,

each exhauster consists of a body it, closed by a cap or head 71, inwhich is a concentric nozzle for vapors 7: The steam for operating theexhauster may be supplied through branch pipes 71 from asteam-supplypipe 11', and through a suction-pipe 715", having a branch 71, leadin gto an outlet-open ing e 013' the jacketspace in a hood, as shown in Fig.-l-. The vapors emanating from the contents of one dryin g-tube may beexhausted therefrom and dis charged, together with live steam, into thejacket I of a second drying-tube.

By adjusting the cap or head 71. of the. exhauster relatively to thebody 71, the annular space between the nozzle for vapors 71. and thebody h may be reduced or increased in area, so as to control the flow ofsteam supplied by the branches 71 to operate the exhauster.

In each branch suction-pipe h" is a checkvalve 7: opening outwardly fromthe hood 0, and having at the side peep-holes 7L8, closed by glass, andthrough which the operation of the valve may be seen, and the operationof the steam-jet exhauster thereby determined.

It will be seen by reference to Fig. '1 that the suction-pipes 72 76 ofthe steam-jet exhausters I communicate with the hoods at these ends ofthe tubes which first receive the solid matters from the tubes abovethem, while the exhaust-pipes f communicate with one side of the hood(.1 at one end of the drying-tube and with the opposite side of the hood0 at the other end thereof. I do not, however, limit myself to anyparticular arrangement of the several pipes described or to anyparticular manner of con nceting them with the jackets and hoods, exceptas may be necessary to the carrying out of my invention.

Steam may be supplied to the jacket B of the lower and last drying-tubeof the series through a pipe 71.", (best shown in Fig. 2,) and whichleads from one of the steam-pipes 71", and the heating-jackets of theother dryingtubes may each be supplied with hot vapor taken from theinterior of the tube below and the live steam employed to operate theexhaustcr I, whereby the flow of such hot vapor is introduced.

I have shown as a means of exhausting vapors emanating from the contentsof the sev- IuO eral dryingtubes both the steam-jet exhausters I and thepipcsf, communicating with the condenser F, and theair-pump it". Thesedevices may be used conjointly for the purpose intended, as theexperience of the operator shall determine, or, if desired, either ofthem may be used singly. The employment of the condenser and air-pumpalone as a means of exhausting vapor from the several drying-tubeswould, however, necessitate the employment of live or exhaust steam froman outside source in the jackets B of all the drying-tubes,except,possibly, the upper one, for a reason soon to be described.

In order to utilize the heat which remains in the hot water ofcondensation within the collector or column E, and thereby to promotethe economy of operation, I may take such hot water, by a pump J, fromthe bottom of the column E and deliver it through a pipej into thejacket B of the upper drying-tube A, and after giving up its heat to thesolid matter contained in this tube throughthe metal walls thereof thecooler water may pass from the jacket through a pipe to the condenser F.The pipe 7' may also have a branch j, through which any surplus hotwater will be delivered by the pump J direct to the condenser. The upperend of the hot-water column may be connected by a pipe .9 with the upperpart of the condenser.

I will now describe the construction of apparatus and arrangement ofconnections which I employ when a concentrated solution of caustic sodaor other salt is used in the jackets B of the several drying-tubes, suchan arrangement being represented by the diagram, Fig. (3. In that figureI have represented the several tubes and their jackets by concentriccircles only, and it will be understood that such tubes and jackets areto' be connected with the condenser F, the vaporcollector or stand-pipeG, and the surplussteam collector H in the manner before described.

K designates a boiler, which should be capable of resisting stronginternal pressure, and which may be heated by a furnace for theconcentration of a solution of caustic soda or other salt. Through apipe 10, leading from the bottom of this boiler, the concentratedsolution is taken by a pump K and is delivered into the jacket B of theupper drying-tube near the bottom. From about the middle of the heightof this jacket the soda solution overflows through a pipe L to thebottom of the jacket B of the next lower tube A, and in like manner thesoda solution overflows from each jacket through pipes 10 7; It to thejacket next below, and finally is taken through a pipe 7s, and in itsdiluted form is returned by a pump K to the boiler K.

It will be understood that the condensation of steam and vapor, eitheror both, within the jackets of the several drying-tubes serves to dilutethe concentrated salt solution, and thereby sets free or produces heat,which is transmitted through the metal contact-walls to the solid matterundergoing the drying operation within the tubes. The steam which isgenerated in the boiler K during the concentration of the salt solutionmay be conducted through pipes 7t and employed to supply the steam-jetsnecessaryfor operatin the steam-jet exhausters, which are used towithdraw the vapors emanating from the contents of the severaldrying-tubes and to discharge such vapors, together with thehigh-pressure steam which operates the exhausters, into theheating-jackets of the tubes next above.

hat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a plurality of closed drying-tubes severallyprovided with heating-jackets and with inlets and outlets for solidmatter at opposite ends, of conveyers for moving solid matter throughthe tubes, a pipe for introducing heating-fluid from an outside sourceto the jacket of one tube, and a connection through which the hot vaporsemanating from the contents of that tube are deliveredto the jacket ofthe next tube in the series to serve as a heating agent therefor,substantially as herein described.

2. The combination, with two or more closed drying-tubes provided withheating-jackets and with inlets and outlets for solid matter at oppositeends, of conveyers for moving the drying-matter through said tubes, apipe for supplying heating-fluid from an outside source to the jacket ofone tube, and steam-jet exhausters, one for each drying-tube and eachhaving a steam-supply pipe, a suction-pipe leading from the interior ofone tube, and a delivery-pipe leading to the jacket of another tube,whereby the vapor emanating from the contents of one tube is withdrawntherefrom and delivered, together with the steam employed to work theexhauster, to the heatingjacket of anothertube, substantiallyas hereindescribed.

The combination, with a plurality of closed drying-tubes connected atthe ends by bonnets or hoods to provide for the passage of solid matterfrom one to the other of them and severally provided withheating-jackets, of conveyers for moving the matter to be dried throughthe tubes, steam-jet exhausters, each having a steam-supply pipe, asuction-pipe leading from one drying-tube and a deliverypipe leading tothe jacket of the next tube in the series and each serving to withdrawfrom one tube the vapors emanating from its contents and to dischargesuch vapors to the heating-jacket of the next tube, and a condenser andan air-pump also connected with the several tubes for aiding inexhausting air and vapor therefrom, substantially as herein described.

t. The combination, with the jacketed dryin g-tubes, of bonnets C,connecting said tubes for the passage of solid matter from one to theother of them and constructed with the perforated partitions a, formingcontin nations of the drying-tubes, exhaust-pipes connected with thebonnet-space outside said partitions,

conveyers working within said tubes and extending into the bonnets, androtary valves D, each constructed with wings or bearing portions andinterposed pockets (1 which are exposed to the two tubes alternately,substantially as herein described.

5. The combination, with the concentric drying-tubes A and j acket-tubesl3,of thebonnet O, rotary valves fitting segmental seats in the bonnetand constructed with cavities in their peripheries for delivering solidmatter from one to another ofthe drying-tubes without placing them indirect communication, and the expansion-plates 7), whereby the bonnetand tubes are connected and which permits of unequal expansion of theparts without danger of leakage, substantially as herein de scribed.

(3. The combination, with a series of closed drying-tubes provided withheatingjackets and conveyors for moving matter to be dried through themin succession, of bonnets con necting the tubes, and rotary valvesfitting seats in the bonnets and having peripheral cavities fordelivering solid matter from one to another of the tubes, pipes forsupplying steam or hot vapor to the jackets of certain of the tubes, andpipes and a pump for re ceiving and collecting the hot liquid 01Econdensation from such jackets as receive steam or vapor and forsupplying the said liquid to the jacket of one of the (laying-titties,substantially as described.

'7. The combination, with a series of closed and jacketed drying-tubesconnected, as described, by bonnet's and valves and provided withconveyors, of pipes for supplying steam or vapor to the jackets ofcertain of the drying-tubes, exhausting apparatus for maintaining apressure below the atmosphere in said tubes, the hot-water stand-pipeconnected with the jackets, which are supplied with steam or vapor forreceiving hot water of condensation from said jackets, and a pump andpipe whereby the hot water of condensation is delivered to the jacket ofanother of said tubes for heating the same, suliistantially as hereinset forth.

8. The combination, with a series of closed and jacketed drying-tubesconnected by bonnets and valves, as described, and provided withconveyers,ot a pipe for supplying steam to the jacket of one tube andsteam-jet exhausters, each having a steam-supply pipe, a suction-pipeleading from one drying tube and a dischargepipe leading to the jacketof the next drying-tube in the series, whereby the vapors emanating fromthe contents of each tube are delivered to the jacket of the next tubein the series, and a condenser and air-pump also connected with theseveral tubes, substantially as herein set forth.

5). The combination, with a series of closed. and jacketed dryingtubesconnected by bonnets and valves, as described, and provided with conve'ers, of a pipe for supplying steam to the jacket: oi one tube,steam-jet exhausters, each having a steamsupply pipe, a suction-pipeleading from one drying-tube oi the series and a t'lischarge- 'iipcleading to the jacket of the next drying-tube in the series, whereby thevapors from the contents of each tube are delivered to the jacket of thenext tube in the series, and the surplus steam and water stand-pipeconnected with the jackets of all the tubes and serving to equalize thepressure within them, snl'istantially as herein described.

10. The combination, with a series of closed drying-tubes connected, asdescribed, by bonnets or hoods and valves to deliver solid matter fromone to another of them and provided with heating-jackets and conveyors,ot' the condenser having the airpump connectitmf, and thevapor-collector G, connected with the condenser and connected by thepipes with the dryingtubes, substantially as herein set forth.

11. The combination, with a sericsot' closed drying-tubes con nccted, asdescribed, by bonnets or hoods and valves to deliver solid matter fromone to anotherot them and provided with heating-jackets and convcyers,of the condenser F and its air-pump connectionf", the vapor-collector G,connected by pipes f with the several drying-tubes and also con ncctedwith the condenser, and the surplus steam collector I I, connected bybranches with the several heating-jackets and also COllllOOttJtl withthe C()ll(l(.ll$61, substantially as herein described.

FILKNUIS M. F. UAZIN.

\V it nesses:

(J. HALL, ll. Mclhnnn.

